Lookout - lookout is an anti-virus application for droid devices. I am not sure how useful that is because I'm not sure how many viruses android is suceptable to. But I do like the locator, scream, and backup utilities that come with it.
Dropbox - being able to "drop" files from my computer and then accessing them on my phone (and visa versa) is sweet and critical for android app testing IMO.
Evernote - what can I say, I forget things all the time and Evernote has plenty of tools to help me remember them. I wish it had a notification system too in order to remind you to do things at certain times This was added recently.
Skype - skype totally rocks. Video chat is straight out of the jetsons.
Social Networking Apps - whatever ur flavor is. I use Twitdroid and you tube. I stopped using Facebook when they started tracking my location. Fuckers.
Pandora - music taylored to my tastes and mood. Blow me Spotify.
Google app suite - navigation, maps is what I use. But, there are a ton of useful and quality apps from google, most of which come standard on most android phones.
Yelp - Search for places close to your present location, restaurants, etc. Check in if you want (not my thing). See reviews, add photos, and most importantly it has Google Map integration so you can get to it when you need to.